In the vibrant yet challenging landscape of South Africa, stress has become an ever-present companion for many. With long workdays, high economic pressures and a fast-paced lifestyle, it is no surprise that the nation has been ranked among the most stressed in the world.
However, what is often overlooked is the profound impact this stress can have on heart health - a critical concern given that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death globally, with South Africa mirroring this alarming trend.
To delve deeper into this pressing issue, Independent Media Lifestyle spoke with Dr Chris van Straten, a Global Health Advisor Clinical Governance at International SOS.
His insights reveal how stress is intricately linked to heart health and offer practical strategies for South Africans seeking to cultivate healthier lifestyles.
Stress and heart disease: The hidden connection
Van Straten highlights a startling reality: many South Africans remain unaware of the crucial connection between stress, lifestyle choices, and cardiovascular health.
"People often think of heart disease in terms of high cholesterol or blood pressure, neglecting to consider how stress factors in," he notes.
One common misconception is that stress is the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases.
“Stress is more like a piece of the puzzle,” he clarifies.
Chronic stress can lead to a host of adverse behaviours - poor dietary choices, smoking, and lack of physical activity - all of which contribute to an increased risk of heart disease.
It is the ripple effect of stress on these unhealthy habits that poses a greater threat than stress alone.
In fact, chronic stress can have a cumulative effect on the heart.
Van Straten outlines several crucial ways in which stress affects cardiovascular health:
Increased blood pressure: Stress causes a temporary spike in blood pressure, and chronic stress can lead to consistently high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease.
Inflammation: Continuous stress can increase inflammation in the body, leading to artery damage and contributing to heart disease.
Unhealthy lifestyle choices: Stress often leads to overeating, smoking and a lack of exercise - behaviours that directly harm the heart.
Know the signs of stress-related heart issues
Van Straten advises South Africans to be aware of the physical symptoms that could indicate stress is taking a toll on the heart.
“Look out for chest discomfort, shortness of breath, palpitations, loss of sleep, and fatigue. These signs should not be ignored, especially if stress is a factor in your life.”
It’s also important to recognise when stress is affecting your life beyond just your physical health.
“If stress is impacting your relationships or your ability to work effectively, it’s time to seek help,” he adds. “We often encourage people to seek expert support, whether that’s through a healthcare provider or mental health professional.”
Many South Africans work in high-pressure environments, whether in corporate offices, healthcare, or manual labour. These jobs often come with long hours, high expectations, and constant deadlines - factors that increase stress levels.
Embracing a heart-healthy lifestyle
Fortunately, heart disease is largely preventable through lifestyle changes. Van Straten offers several actionable tips for South Africans looking to mitigate their risk of heart-related issues:
Healthy diet: Prioritising a balanced diet filled with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help manage cholesterol levels and blood pressure.
Regular exercise: Engaging in at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days - be it walking, swimming or dancing - can effectively reduce stress and enhance heart health.
Quit smoking: Stopping smoking is one of the most impactful ways to diminish heart disease risk.
Know your numbers: Regular check-ups to monitor blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar, and body mass index (BMI) are essential for understanding one’s current cardiovascular health.
Manage stress effectively: While practices such as yoga and meditation are valuable, comprehensive stress management often involves physical activity, a solid support network, and professional assistance when necessary.
Van Straten stresses the importance of workplace wellness programmes.
“Many South Africans spend a significant portion of their day at work, and employers have a role to play in promoting heart health. Heart disease and stroke cost employers billions each year in lost productivity, so it’s in everyone’s interest to promote a healthier workforce.”
He suggests that businesses partner with health advisers to assess workplace risks and develop tailored wellness strategies.
“This could involve everything from education sessions, access to regular screenings, and mental health support, to promoting physical activity through fitness challenges or wellness days.”
In short, heart health is something South Africans should focus on every day, not just on special awareness days. Building healthy habits, managing stress and knowing your health numbers are key to protecting your heart.