The prevalence of myopia, or short-sightedness, in children is steadily increasing worldwide.
Experts are sounding the alarm, pointing to excessive screen time as a significant contributing factor.
With the rise in digital learning, gaming, and entertainment on smartphones, tablets, and computers, children are spending more hours than ever focusing on close-up screens, often at the expense of outdoor activities.
Understanding Myopia
Myopia occurs when the eye grows too long or the cornea becomes too curved, causing light entering the eye to focus in front of the retina rather than directly on it.
This makes distant objects appear blurry. While genetics play a role, lifestyle factors such as prolonged near work and limited exposure to natural light are now recognised as major contributors to the condition.
The role of screen time
Children today are exposed to screens at an early age, with some spending upwards of six hours a day on devices.
Continuous close-up focus strains the eyes, potentially accelerating the progression of myopia. Furthermore, screens emit blue light, which can disrupt sleep and further strain developing eyes.
The lack of outdoor activity exacerbates the problem. Natural daylight is crucial for healthy eye development, as it stimulates the production of dopamine in the retina, which helps regulate eye growth.
Research shows that children who spend more time outdoors are less likely to develop myopia, even if they engage in near work like reading or screen use.
Long-term risks
If left unmanaged, myopia can worsen over time, leading to high myopia, which significantly increases the risk of serious eye conditions such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, and macular degeneration.
What parents can do
To combat the rise of myopia, experts recommend implementing the "20-20-20" rule: for every 20 minutes of screen time, children should look at something 6 meters away for at least 20 seconds.
Encouraging outdoor play for at least two hours a day is equally important, as exposure to natural light can reduce the risk of developing myopia.
Limiting screen time, ensuring proper lighting while using devices, and scheduling regular eye exams are essential steps parents can take to protect their children's vision.
As digital devices become increasingly integral to modern life, balancing screen use with healthy habits will be key in addressing the growing myopia epidemic among children.
IOL Lifestyle